Mining In Sapce Essays - Spaceflight, Outer Space, Moon,

Mining In Sapce On December 10, 1986 the Greater New York Section of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the building area of the New York Academy of Sciences together introduced a program on mining the planets. Speakers were Greg Maryniak of the Space Studies Institute (SSI) and Dr. Carl Peterson of the Mining and Excavation Research Institute of M.I.T. Maryniak talked first and started by remarking that the quintessential difficulty of room flight is that everything propelled from Earth must be quickened to orbital speed. Identified with this is the customary method to make things in space has been to produce them on Earth and afterward dispatch them into space on board enormous rockets. The trouble with this methodology is the enormous expense per-pound of boosting anything out of this present planet's gravity well. Besides, Maryniak noted, since (at any rate in the close to medium term) the space program must rely on the legislature for the greater part of its finan cing, for this monetary disadvantage fundamentally converts into a political issue. Maryniak proceeded by taking note of that the early pilgrims in North America didn't endeavor to move over the Atlantic everything at that point expected to continue them in the New World. Or maybe they carried their devices with them and developed their natural surroundings from neighborhood materials. Subsequently, he proposed that the answer for the situation to which he alluded required less a move in innovation as a move in suspecting. Space, he contended, ought to be considered not as a vacuum, absolutely without everything. Or maybe, it ought to be viewed as a sea, that is, an antagonistic domain however one having assets. Among the assets of room, he proposed, are promptly accessible sun oriented force and potential surface mines on the Moon and later other divine bodies too. The Moon, Maryniak expressed, contains numerous helpful materials. Besides, it is twenty-two times simpler to quicken a payload to lunar departure speed than it is to quicken the indistinguishable mass out of the EarthUs gravity well. As a down to earth matter the preferred position regarding the vitality required is considerably more noteworthy on account of the nonappearance of a lunar air. In addition to other things this allows the utilization of gadgets, for example, electromagnetic quickening agents (mass drivers) to dispatch payloads from the MoonUs surface. Indeed, even crude Lunar soil is helpful as protecting for space stations and other space environments. At present, he noted, presentation to radiation will forestall anybody for spending an aggregate of over a half year out of their whole lifetime on the space station. At the opposite finish of the scale, Lunar soil can be prepared into its constituent materials. In the middle of steps are additionally of extraordinary intrigue. For instance, the MoonUs soil is wealthy in oxygen, which makes up the vast majority of the mass of water and rocket charge. This oxygen could be RcookedS out of the Lunar soil. Since the greater part of the mass of the gear which would be important to achieve this would comprise of moderately low innovation equipment, Maryniak proposed the likelihood that at any rate in the more drawn out term the extraction plant itself could be produced generally on the Moon. Another chance as of now being analyzed is the production of glass from Lunar soil and utilizing it as development material. The strategies in question, as indicated by Maryniak, are unrefined yet powerful. (In answer to an inquiry presented by an individual from the crowd after the conventional introduction, Maryniak expressed that he accepted the fragile properties of glass could be overwhelmed by utilizing glass-glass composites. He additionally recommended one more chance, that of utilizing Lunar soil as a premise of solid.) One potential utilization of such Moon-made glass would be in glass-glass composite pillars. In addition to other things, these could be utilized as basic components in a sun based force satellite (SPS). While enthusiasm for the SPS has wound down in this nation, at any rate incidentally, it is a significant focal point of consideration in the U.S.S. R. , Western Europe and Japan. Specifically, the Soviets have expressed that they will construct a SPS continuously 2000 (in spite of the fact that they plan on utilizing Earth propelled materials. Also the Japanese are directing SPS related sounding rocket tests. SSI examines have recommended that over 90%, and maybe

Principles of social control theory

Standards of social control hypothesis Social Control Theories. Numerous criminological hypotheses consistently clarify for what reason do individuals carry out wrongdoing, or to discover what are the most powerful factors inspire individuals perpetrate wrongdoing and abuse the social standards. Rather, social control hypotheses have been as of now expected people are conceivably carrying out wrongdoing. Additionally, the social control or social bond hypothesis is underscoring why an individual don't be a lawbreaker. In social control scholars suspicions, people have the ability to damage the laws as opposed to comply with the laws. Decent practices are not the idea of individuals. Individuals decide to carry out wrongdoing in light of the fact that the powers or obliges of society isn't most grounded enough. It depicts individuals are remaining in the problem among aberrance and similarity. It shows the pressure of everybody either submit freak act or acknowledges the standards. In this manner, social control scholars propose a couple of compon ents to pull individuals again from the side of aberrance, particularly relationship, duties, qualities, standards, and convictions. Family and companion bunch become a vital organizations that influence people groups direct. Albert J Reiss The comprehension of those early control scholars contentions are significant on the grounds that they introduced a structure or some fundamental recommendations inside the numerous hypotheses of wrongdoing and wrongdoing. Every social control scholar had additionally been done an exact investigation of their discoveries to help their place of perspectives. Beginning from an article composed by Albert J Reiss (1951), his contention may be imitated from Freuds idea of conscience or superego predominantly. He targets seeing the expectation of probation repudiation among adolescent guilty parties. He thought young people have a lower individual controls that may bound to become adolescent misconduct. That is, those more youthful individuals absence of capacity to abstain from craving their requirements when having strife with the guidelines or standards of the general public. By and by, his clarification of adolescent misconduct is frail while talking about the connection between probat ion renouncement and school execution as truancy. Jackson Toby In 1957, Jackson Toby, a subsequent social control scholar, offered another idea called stake in similarity which as the principal instrument to influence delinquents comportment. He likewise concurred that individuals are inherently and temptingly cracking the laws, particularly all young people. Some of them are having a high danger of the infringement of laws because of this enticement. He accepts understudies perform well in school they are being rebuffed by school, yet in addition imperil their future odds of progress. Under the unique scholarly arranged condition, if the general public permits understudies having a superior profession way when they got a phenomenal school result; consequently, a few understudies who do inadequately in school may have an incredible possibility of carrying out wrongdoing since they appears lose lesser things than others. Aside from the scholastic aftereffect of an individual is a persuasive factor, peer support for freak act could lead those youn g people with low stakes in similarity also. Be that as it may, even young people have low stake in similarity, they are not become delinquents when lacking of companion support. F. Ivan Nye In 1958, Nye then focused on the issue of family relationship. He however that family is a solitary most vital foundation of social control for young people. He separated diffent types of control, for example, direct control, inside control, and circuitous control. Direct control implies the undeniable limitation or disciplines of an individual. Inside control refered to an internal screen or still, small voices. Backhanded control connected to affectional or enthusiastic distinguishing proof with guardians, noncriminals or lawful codes. He expressed that on the off chance that all the above controls are adequate, at that point those youths are more adjust the guidelines of society. Nyes study had been tried by an empircal analyze. In any case, his examination had been tested by Toby as of now. To start with, altough Nye called the example bunch as generally reprobate, however numerous criminologist called them nondelinquents. Because of the example bunch was chosen in secondary scho ol which was excluded any adolescents age 15 or more youthful, and any young people age 16 with dropped out of school. Moreover, the inquiries being posed in surveys were excessively paltry, for example, taking things worth under $2, and harming open or private property. Consequently, Nye can't perceive the unequivocally connection between family holding and genuine reprobate practices. Walter C. Crazy In 1961, another social control scholar called Reckless, who proposed a regulation hypothesis. The fundamental idea is that all people are affected by various powers, for example, social weight, social pulls, natural/mental pushes. Those powers are driving individuals to submit freak act. Notwithstanding, these powers are againsted by both outer and internal regulations. For example, social weight can be characterized as day to day environments, family strife, minority gathering, status, and absence of chances. At that point the term social pulls is refered to the acknowledged standard of all people from their sidekicks, criminal subculture, broad communications, etc. Natural or mental pushes can be effortlessly connected to how those organic and mental variables influence individuals neglect to acclimate the standards of society, for example, eagerness, inward strain, forcefulness, etc. Unexpectedly, outside regulation is discussing the environmental factors of an individual. For ex ample, how guardians or care groups advance right virtues, discipline, implement the feeling of personality, etc. Additionally, inward regulation are those imperceptible stuffs which disguised our restraint; that identified with how the objectives/capacities of an individual against to carry out wrongdoing. David Matza Travis Hirschi Matzas Delinquency and Drift (1964) and Hirschis Causes of Delinquency (1969) likewise advoacted two celebrated ideas in the later improvement of control speculations. On the other hand, Matza has been as of now protraried the picture of stray. Underlining how social conditions shape individuals become a stray. (In any case, he didn't make reference to about what sorts of limitations and control that shield adolescents from floating.) In Hirschis hypothesis, he proposed four primary social bonds that could decide ones inclusion in misconduct, to be specific connection, duty, association, and conviction. Connection contains the interpersoanl and enthusiastic bonds among others, particularly guardians and instructors. Responsibility alludes to how young people utilize the time, vitality, exertion consumed in customary way of achievement, for example, setting aside cash for the future and abtaining a high scholastic capability. Association implies the level of ones contribution in those traditional exercises, for example, school, amusement, and family. Because of society will share regular virtues typically, along these lines, convictions of an individual are significant. Individuals may all the more effectively carry out criminal act if these virtues are missing or debilitated. To put it plainly, Hirschis social bond hypothesis underscored all individuals are potential crooks, in any case, individuals will accommodate the standard or comply with the law since they would prefer not to pulverize the bondings with others. Reactions There are hardly any reactions on social control hypothesis. To begin with, as per its presumption, social control scholars expected human are potential law-violators. Imagine a scenario in which the young people carry out wrongdoing since they are enjoyable. Another issuse is that such hypotheses can't be clarified the reasons for group misconduct and grown-up culpability. Besides, most examinations were alluding the inclusion of inconsequential offenses of nondelinquent young people. Hirschi additionally admitted that delinquents really dynamic in traditional occasions, which dismissed his unique hypothesis (Vold Bernard, 1986). Social Learning points of view Edwin Sutherland Differential Association Theory was the most immediate and clear hypothesis that proposed by Edwin Sutherland in 1947 from social learning points of view. In 1978, Sutherland and Cressey comprised nine suggestions of Differential Association Theory: 1. Criminal conduct is found out 2. Criminla conduct is found out in collaboration with different people in a procedure 3. The central piece of the learning of criminal conduct happens inside close to home gatherings 4. At the point when criminal conduct is found out, the learning incorporates procedures of perpetrating the wrongdoing, which are once in a while muddled, now and again exceptionally basic; the particular bearing of the thought processes, drives, rationlization, and perspectives 5. The particular headings of thought processes and drives is found out from meanings of the legitimate codes as good or troublesome 6. The individual becomes reprobate on account of an overabundance of good definitions to infringement of law over ominous definitions to law-infringement 7. Differential affiliation may change in recurrence, length, need, and force. 8. Procedure of learning criminal conduct by relationship with criminal and hostile to criminal examples includes the entirety of the systems engaged with some other learning 9. While criminal act is a declaration of general needs and qualities, it isn't clarified by those general needs and qualities (Sutherland Cressey, 1978, pp.80-82.) Here will be talked about every recommendation separately. To start with, it is unmistakably expressed that criminal demonstration isn't inalienable which is found out. At that point, Sutherland gave how individuals figured out how to become reprobate which is found out in cooperation with others, particularly family, companions, and partners. Additionally, procedures of commiting wrongdoing are required which are here and there very muddled/straightforward, for example, how to open a safe or take a vehicle in the city. Moral avocations additionally critical that make individuals think their demonstrations are sensible. For instance, a destitute individual take nourishments in market since they don't have cash to purchase enough nourishments to their children. In this way, they will legitimize they go about as bode well. Fifth, it alludes to the perspectives on lawful codes from an individiuals. The individual might not have any desire to comply with the law in light of the fact that such laws

How to Identify Bad Science in Research Articles

How to Identify Bad Science in Research Articles EP 55: How to Identify Bad Science in Research Articles EP 55: How to Identify Bad Science in Research Articles How do you distinguish valid research from bad science?” In the clickbait era, its more important than ever to be able to distinguish fact from fiction. Thanks to the internet, we have more access to research than ever before. Of course, the saying is “just Google it,” but not everything you find in a Google search is true. In academia, it is important to make sure that the articles you are accessing are not ‘bad’ science. Join Cath Anne on Episode 55 of the Homework Help Show, to learn how to read beyond the headline and how to spot bad science for yourself. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi there and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and this is episode 55 of The Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. Here on this show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Lets jump in. Cath Anne: [00:00:17] OK guys we are constantly on the Internet these days the Internet is where you gain access to information and maybe even research articles. However because there is so much information out there you really have to be careful about where you get your information and whether it is valid research. It is important to recognize whether the research you are actually accessing or the research articles you are using are not bad science. Of course we all know the saying just Google it. However this does not always stand up in the academic world. Today on the show we hope to provide you with some tips so that you can recognize when there is bad science in a research article, and this way you can avoid incorporating these types of articles into your research essay. Next week we will look into how to use google to enhance your research and provide you with some valid research articles to incorporate into your academic essays. However this week lets focus on bad science and how to avoid those kinds of research articles. Cath Anne: [00:01:37] First Id like to note that many of these tips came from the blog article written by the Web site Big Think we will link the website and the attached PDF in the description box below so check that out if youre looking for a PDF to print off and put on your wall. OK now lets get into the tips. Cath Anne: [00:01:57] Number one when you look at a research article or when youre doing research. Make sure to be aware of exaggerated headlines or click bait. First check the title of the research article. In the age of clickbait or in other words the age where we want people to click on our information, there is a tendency to exaggerate headlines or titles to make people drawn to towards the article. There is also a tendency to exaggerate or sensationalize the information within the article in order to appeal to people and draw them into clicking on it. If the title is sensationalized or exaggerated this is a pretty clear indication that it is not valid research and that you can pass on it and find something more reputable. Cath Anne: [00:02:45] Number two, media misrepresentation. When you are doing your research you may come across media articles that discuss research. However the media also tends to exaggerate information or findings within a study. If youre hoping to use a research article and you find it in the media go back to the original article and that way you will get the most accurate information and youll be able to cite the research article directly. Cath Anne: [00:03:13] Number three conflicts of interest. Sometimes large companies or corporations hire scientists to conduct research for them in order to sell a product. Now this does not mean that the research is not valid. However you want to be aware that there could be a conflict of interest or it that results could be skewed simply because the scientist is being paid. Be aware of these types of conflicts when you are doing your research because this could skew the data and result in bad science. Cath Anne: [00:03:42] Number four, abstract language. Sometimes research reports will use abstract language or make speculations. For example a study may use words like may or could possibly stay alert and aware of these types of words. This may indicate that a study is only looking at a certain portion of the information and not providing the full picture. It also indicates that the research may not provide definite answers to a research question which could result in bad science and you may not want to use this in your research essay. [00:04:19] Number five, a small sample size. Now there are cases where studies will require a smaller sample size. How over the small sample size the more limited the research in a case where a study uses a small sample size but a larger sample size could have been possible. You may want to be wary. Youre also going to want to be aware of whether a study indicates that a small sample size it was a limitation in the research check for this information in the discussion section of the report or also in the limitation section. A valid researcher will make note of any limitations that come through in the research. Cath Anne: [00:05:02] Number six samples that do not represent the population valid research will select a population or a sample that is representative of the population as a whole. If the research does not select a representative population the research is then not reflect five of the population as a whole. Cath Anne: [00:05:25] Number seven, there is no control group. In order to contrast research findings with a baseline a study must have a control group. The term control group is referred to the group of people that is given a placebo or not given a treatment in a clinical study. In order for their results to be evaluated the treatment group must be contrasted with a control group. So when you are looking for a valid research study especially if it is a clinical study check to see whether they have indicated a control group or not. Cath Anne: [00:06:00] Number eight, a lack of a blind test in order to avoid skewing the results. People in the control group should not be aware that they are in the control group. This is called blind testing if there is no indication of blind testing in the essay or the research article you may want to be wary of the results. Look into the study a little bit more. Blind testing is not always ethical and not always feasible. So there may be some wiggle room in this area. Cath Anne: [00:06:30] Number nine, drawing conclusions based on limited data sometimes research studies will cherry pick information and draw conclusions based on that information alone. This means when it comes to the analysis or discussion portion of the research article The research articles will focus on specific results at law alone without looking at the bigger picture and all of the results. When only a few of the results are mentioned in order to prove a hypothesis this indicates faulty research. Cath Anne: [00:07:02] Number 10, results cannot be reproduced. In any case during a study results should always be able to be reproduced a study should be able to be reproduced within a different context. If the study cannot be replicated this indicates a case of bad science. Cath Anne: [00:07:20] Finally number 11, peer review. Valid research goes through a process called peer review in which it is reviewed by other scholars and professors in the field for validity and whether it can be reproduced in order to qualify for admission into a journal. A study must go through a peer review process. Keep in mind that even when an article is cited numerous times in the mainstream that does not make it necessarily reputable. Check the content of the article and determine whether it has been peer reviewed and this will be your best indication that it is valid research. [00:08:06] Well guys thats it for me this week. I hope that this was effective and helpful for you and I hope Ive given you a few tips around how to identify bad science and avoid it including those in your research. As always if you have any comments questions or anything to say junk into the comments section below. We always love to hear from you. You can also get us on social media. All of our info links enlisted in the description below and weve also included a link to see where you can access more information on how to identify. As. Always if you liked this video and found it helpful. Please give it a light. And. Subscribe to our channel so you dont miss out on any of our other activities. Thank you guys so much for joining me and I hope youll join us. Good luck on reading all your essays. Talk soon and take care. How to Identify Bad Science in Research Articles EP 55: How to Identify Bad Science in Research Articles EP 55: How to Identify Bad Science in Research Articles How do you distinguish valid research from bad science?” In the clickbait era, its more important than ever to be able to distinguish fact from fiction. Thanks to the internet, we have more access to research than ever before. Of course, the saying is “just Google it,” but not everything you find in a Google search is true. In academia, it is important to make sure that the articles you are accessing are not ‘bad’ science. Join Cath Anne on Episode 55 of the Homework Help Show, to learn how to read beyond the headline and how to spot bad science for yourself. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi there and welcome back to our channel. My name is Cath Anne and this is episode 55 of The Homework Help Show hosted by Homework Help Global. Here on this show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Lets jump in. Cath Anne: [00:00:17] OK guys we are constantly on the Internet these days the Internet is where you gain access to information and maybe even research articles. However because there is so much information out there you really have to be careful about where you get your information and whether it is valid research. It is important to recognize whether the research you are actually accessing or the research articles you are using are not bad science. Of course we all know the saying just Google it. However this does not always stand up in the academic world. Today on the show we hope to provide you with some tips so that you can recognize when there is bad science in a research article, and this way you can avoid incorporating these types of articles into your research essay. Next week we will look into how to use google to enhance your research and provide you with some valid research articles to incorporate into your academic essays. However this week lets focus on bad science and how to avoid those kinds of research articles. Cath Anne: [00:01:37] First Id like to note that many of these tips came from the blog article written by the Web site Big Think we will link the website and the attached PDF in the description box below so check that out if youre looking for a PDF to print off and put on your wall. OK now lets get into the tips. Cath Anne: [00:01:57] Number one when you look at a research article or when youre doing research. Make sure to be aware of exaggerated headlines or click bait. First check the title of the research article. In the age of clickbait or in other words the age where we want people to click on our information, there is a tendency to exaggerate headlines or titles to make people drawn to towards the article. There is also a tendency to exaggerate or sensationalize the information within the article in order to appeal to people and draw them into clicking on it. If the title is sensationalized or exaggerated this is a pretty clear indication that it is not valid research and that you can pass on it and find something more reputable. Cath Anne: [00:02:45] Number two, media misrepresentation. When you are doing your research you may come across media articles that discuss research. However the media also tends to exaggerate information or findings within a study. If youre hoping to use a research article and you find it in the media go back to the original article and that way you will get the most accurate information and youll be able to cite the research article directly. Cath Anne: [00:03:13] Number three conflicts of interest. Sometimes large companies or corporations hire scientists to conduct research for them in order to sell a product. Now this does not mean that the research is not valid. However you want to be aware that there could be a conflict of interest or it that results could be skewed simply because the scientist is being paid. Be aware of these types of conflicts when you are doing your research because this could skew the data and result in bad science. Cath Anne: [00:03:42] Number four, abstract language. Sometimes research reports will use abstract language or make speculations. For example a study may use words like may or could possibly stay alert and aware of these types of words. This may indicate that a study is only looking at a certain portion of the information and not providing the full picture. It also indicates that the research may not provide definite answers to a research question which could result in bad science and you may not want to use this in your research essay. [00:04:19] Number five, a small sample size. Now there are cases where studies will require a smaller sample size. How over the small sample size the more limited the research in a case where a study uses a small sample size but a larger sample size could have been possible. You may want to be wary. Youre also going to want to be aware of whether a study indicates that a small sample size it was a limitation in the research check for this information in the discussion section of the report or also in the limitation section. A valid researcher will make note of any limitations that come through in the research. Cath Anne: [00:05:02] Number six samples that do not represent the population valid research will select a population or a sample that is representative of the population as a whole. If the research does not select a representative population the research is then not reflect five of the population as a whole. Cath Anne: [00:05:25] Number seven, there is no control group. In order to contrast research findings with a baseline a study must have a control group. The term control group is referred to the group of people that is given a placebo or not given a treatment in a clinical study. In order for their results to be evaluated the treatment group must be contrasted with a control group. So when you are looking for a valid research study especially if it is a clinical study check to see whether they have indicated a control group or not. Cath Anne: [00:06:00] Number eight, a lack of a blind test in order to avoid skewing the results. People in the control group should not be aware that they are in the control group. This is called blind testing if there is no indication of blind testing in the essay or the research article you may want to be wary of the results. Look into the study a little bit more. Blind testing is not always ethical and not always feasible. So there may be some wiggle room in this area. Cath Anne: [00:06:30] Number nine, drawing conclusions based on limited data sometimes research studies will cherry pick information and draw conclusions based on that information alone. This means when it comes to the analysis or discussion portion of the research article The research articles will focus on specific results at law alone without looking at the bigger picture and all of the results. When only a few of the results are mentioned in order to prove a hypothesis this indicates faulty research. Cath Anne: [00:07:02] Number 10, results cannot be reproduced. In any case during a study results should always be able to be reproduced a study should be able to be reproduced within a different context. If the study cannot be replicated this indicates a case of bad science. Cath Anne: [00:07:20] Finally number 11, peer review. Valid research goes through a process called peer review in which it is reviewed by other scholars and professors in the field for validity and whether it can be reproduced in order to qualify for admission into a journal. A study must go through a peer review process. Keep in mind that even when an article is cited numerous times in the mainstream that does not make it necessarily reputable. Check the content of the article and determine whether it has been peer reviewed and this will be your best indication that it is valid research. [00:08:06] Well guys thats it for me this week. I hope that this was effective and helpful for you and I hope Ive given you a few tips around how to identify bad science and avoid it including those in your research. As always if you have any comments questions or anything to say junk into the comments section below. We always love to hear from you. You can also get us on social media. All of our info links enlisted in the description below and weve also included a link to see where you can access more information on how to identify. As. Always if you liked this video and found it helpful. Please give it a light. And. Subscribe to our channel so you dont miss out on any of our other activities. Thank you guys so much for joining me and I hope youll join us. Good luck on reading all your essays. Talk soon and take care.

Annotated Bibliography Play Therapy for Children - 834 Words

Ebrahim, C., et al. (2012). Overcoming School Counselors Barriers to Play Therapy. International Journal of Play Therapy. 21 (4): 202-14, DOI: 10.1037/z0029791 Often, elementary school counselors are reluctant to suggest play therapy and have perceived barriers to its efficacy. This study surveyed 259 members of the American School Counselor Association about those barriers to implementing play therapy, and the potential solutions that could be used to overcome any reluctance. The typical barriers are logical: training, administration, time, resources, and space. It is not that the counselors as a whole do not believe in play therapy, it is that they cannot always find appropriate resources to implement the tool. The study raises the awareness that in the contemporary school in which budgets and resources are extremely tight, more training, educating faculty and administrators, and even using alternative or personal funds to purchase play therapy materials are often necessary to help students. Haslam, D., Harris, S. (2011). Integrating Play and Family Therapy Methods: A Survey of Play Therapists Attitudes in the Field. International Journal of Play Therapy. 20 (2): 51-65, DOI: 10.1037/z0023410. This research focused on 295 members of the Association for Play Therapy and their attitudes that relate to working with families when treating children. The results showed that the majority of play therapists were positive about working with families, particularly whenShow MoreRelatedInside The Mind Of A Serial Killer852 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehend the results of their actions. 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The Role Of Governmental Agencies On The Health Care Industry

A governmental agency is a public authority in control for exercising independent authority over human’s action in a controlling or managing capacity. An independent regulatory agency is a regulatory agency that is independent from other branches of the government. The governing of health care Play a big and important role in the management of medical organizations within the range of laws and all health agencies with its own tasks and all health organizations follow one of these agencies and their laws. . This paper attempts to explain the role of governmental agencies, its effect on the health care industry, provide examples and an analysis of laws and regulations currently facing the industry with the effects on health care providers, and ways that effect in life or the community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_agency Regulation involves rules that must be followed, all organizations must meet specific standards. The task of any healthcare agency, to control laws and ensure that all organizations are providing good services to patients and to the workforce in the health field and make sure not to violate any law and control of private organizations under the laws of agencies. High-quality care has rarer mistakes and less damage than low-quality care. Patient safety improvement is the quality that focused on reducing or mutilate the lower tail of the quality distribution. Each type of improvement is needed, and both develop safety for patients, but their focusShow MoreRelatedHealth Law, Regulation, And Policy1707 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Law, Regulation, and Policy Paper Laws, regulations, and polices are put in place for healthcare to service care to children, woman, adults, and the elderly in delivering quality healthcare through their journey and restoring any health issues if not all, also increasing morbidity rates across America. 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Motivation Evaluation Free Essays

Motivation can help and hinder the choices an individual makes, sometimes simultaneously. People act and behave various ways and some people may never be understood or why may never be pinpointed. However, every action or behavior is an impulse of an experience or the potential of that individual. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whether it is to achieve a goal, better themselves, or gain success people will act or behave certain ways through their specific form of motivation. Miley Cyrus’s actions evaluated Most people that surf the Internet, watch MTV, or music television, have witnessed or seen the controversy over Miley Cyrus’s latest performance on MTV’s Music Video Awards (The Huffington Post, 2013). There were many controversies over her lyrics, clothing, and actions that pertained to her overall behavior during the performance (The Huffington Post). From her clothing of the bare essentials to her obscene gestures, she was obviously motivated by one thing or another. The psychoanalytic view Assuming Miley was motivated by the psychoanalytic view of motivation, would suggest her decision to behave that way was of little or no control of her own (John Wiley Sons Inc. , 2009). It would also suggest her actions were driven by either her unconscious instincts of life and sexuality or her unconscious instincts of death and aggression (John Wiley Sons Inc.). More specifically her unconscious need of an outlet for aggression or her unconscious need for sexual satisfaction (John Wiley Sons Inc. ). For example: Miley behaved that way because she was upset about losing a boyfriend, and unconsciously let out her aggression through dancing seductively on another man (The Huffington Post, 2013). The humanistic view Assuming Miley was motivated by the humanistic view of motivation, would suggest her decision to behave that way could be because of a specific need, such as self-actualization or achievement that she consciously needed to fulfill (John Wiley Sons Inc. , 2009). It would also suggest she was driven by her goals of fulfilling her full personal potential (John Wiley Sons Inc. , 2009). (John Wiley Sons Inc. ). For example: Miley was tired of her well-known Disney roles in entertainment that subdued her true self, therefore her behavior was an attempt to move toward her new goals of achievement and self-actualization. The diversity view Assuming Miley was motivated by the diversity view of motivation, would suggest her decision to behave that way could be because of her individual goals and personal incentives (John Wiley Sons Inc. , 2009). It would also suggest she behaved that particular way to fulfill a psychogenic need, or combination of the various needs simultaneously to fulfill her personal goal (John Wiley Sons Inc. ). For example: Her behavior was an attempt to fulfill her needs of achievement to increase self-regard, affiliation of being an adult instead of a child, and sentience to enjoy sensuous impressions (John Wiley Sons Inc. ). To better explain: The diversity view of motivation by Henry Murray is the theory of needs. This theory states human lives have to be understood in the context of time, because people live in response to the past and their anticipation of the future (John Wiley and Sons Inc. , 2009). Therefore, people organize their lives and bind their time through direct and select forces that resides within the person and their environment (John Wiley Sons Inc. ). The direct forces are needs, specifically physiological (viscerogenic) needs and psychogenic needs (John Wiley Sons Inc. , 2009). The physiological needs are basic human needs, such as air, sleep, and water (John Wiley Sons Inc. ). The psychogenic needs are categorized into 20 basic needs, such as dominance, sex, order, and 17 others (John Wiley Sons Inc.). According to Henry Murray (John Wiley Sons Inc. ), human behavior is organized by a single need or a combination of needs simultaneously, to fulfill a personal goal (John Wiley Sons Inc. ). However, â€Å"The full dynamics of human behavior are revealed in the interaction of needs and press, producing a thema (John Wiley Sons Inc. , 2009, p. 281). Therefore, when a need is built up overtime, it causes tension, which is released through thoughts and behavior by the individual (John Wiley Sons Inc. ). Conclusion There is a purpose behind every person’s behavior, whether it follows the psychoanalytic, humanistic, or diversity view of motivation, it can be analyzed or evaluated through certain processes and theories to see the purpose (John Wiley Sons Inc. , 2009). One thing stands to be true, all people are unique, but behave similarly and differently for various reasons. Whether it is to achieve a goal, better themselves, or gain success people will act or behave certain ways through their specific form of motivation. How to cite Motivation Evaluation, Papers

Informed Consent and Honoring Directives an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Informed Consent and Honoring Directives by Expert Prof Solphie | 21 Dec 2016 The patient by name Mrs. Sparza was suffering from a condition affecting her right eye, and she required undergoing surgery. She had given consent to performing surgery on her right eye. Before the surgery she signed the papers for surgery on her right eye, and also gave her children the right to make decisions in her place, in case she was incapacitated. The patient also expressed her intention that in case she was in a permanent vegetative state and there were no signs of her improving, they could remove all the life-supporting systems from her. Need essay sample on "Informed Consent and Honoring Directives" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The patient changed into her gown and had her vital signs checked. She was then given a muscle relaxant. However, before the procedure is performed, Mrs. Sparza is given a form, which says that surgery is required for both of her eyes. Mrs. Sparza is seen initially refusing for surgery, but is convinced by the doctors. She was seen with tears in her eyes, which suggests that she was not willing for the procedure, but was forced to agree for it. According to the law, informed consent has 4 elements: To give consent, the patient has to have legal authority The patient should be competent Out of their own will, the consent for treatment should come from the patient The patient has to be informed about the risks and benefits of the treatment in a manner which they are able to understand At this point of time, medically, the patient lacks the capacity to give consent for treatment due to medical reasons. Besides, the patient is also incompetent legally to understand the risks involved for treatment and the benefits of the surgery, due to the temporary effects of the medications administered. As the patient is not legally competent to give consent for treatment, the doctors could be held under tort. Doing any procedure without duly consenting the patient is a violation of an inpiduals right to make informed decisions. The patient has to be informed about the details of the procedures, the options available and the risks and benefits involved. Only if the risks outweigh the benefits, could the procedure be performed in the patient. If the doctors realized that surgery was also required in the other eye, then it had to be performed under certain guidelines. As the patient is under the effect of the muscle relaxant, she may not be able to give an informed decision. In such a circumstance, the doctors would have to take the consent from the daughter or the son so that they are able to perform the surgery. The doctors would have to prove in the court that performing the surgery was required as an emergency procedure. If there is an emergency needs to perform the surgery, the doctors can do so, but they have to ensure that some amount of benefit exists. In such a case, consent is not required. In this case, the doctors would have to prove that a medical emergency existed which would require the patient to undergo the surgery. The doctors have two options at this point: Inform the relatives of the patient so that consent for surgery is taken Go ahead with the surgery and prove that it was a medical emergency. After the procedure, the patient suffered a heart attack, developed renal dysfunction and subsequently went into coma. The doctors could be held responsible for the complications only if a sufficient risk was present. Before any surgery is performed, the physicians would have to study the patients physical fitness and determine the chances of developing any complications. The main objective for this is to ensure that the surgery is beneficial for the patient. The surgery may not be beneficial if the doctors do not conduct a sufficient risk assessment. If the patient has the risk factors for developing renal failure or heart attacks, then appropriate precautions need to be taken or alternative procedures need to be performed. The doctors could be held for criminal negligence, in case the patient had certain risk factors for complications and did not take any step to protect the patient. However, if the risk factors for myocardial infarction were not present and if the patient has developed this problem, the doctors cannot be held responsible. The doctors can also be held liable in case the doctors performed the surgery negligently and do not take care of the patient after the surgery. Before the procedure, the patient had given advanced directives regarding her health in case she was permanently incapacitated. The advance care directives have to be considered only if the patient cannot make a reasonable decision about their health and it should not be utilized as a replacement to normal decision making of the patient. In the US, the states should not deprive any person the right to life, liberty and property. The processes of law should come into picture in case any of these aspects are affected. Hence, in the case of Mrs. Sparza, the processes of law should come in to picture to ensure that she is not deprived of her right to life. Although, she has given advanced care directives, it does not mean that the healthcare personnel or her family member misuse it to bring about her death. In this case, the doctors should carefully look into the case to ensure that she does not unduly suffer even though she has given permission to her children to make a decision on her behalf. It is the duty of the state to protect the inpidual in this aspect. According to the report, the inpidual does seem to be fully competent and gives a consent or decision about her treatment. She also gives advanced care directives before the procedure. The patient had given consent for surgery on a single eye, but the doctors performed surgery on both eye. The doctors had obtained consent for treatment of the other eye, when the patient was under medication, and was not competent of making a reasonable decision. Was the performance of surgery on two eyes difficult for the patient to cope up with and resulted in her developing complications after the surgery? If this was the case, then the doctors could be held under medical negligence. With regards to the advanced care directives, the doctors have to ensure that it does not act as a replacement for the patients decision. Under the US laws, the doctors could consider that the patient for PAS only if it is proved that the patient is suffering from a terminal illness and cannot survive for more than 6 months. In this case, it cannot be proved that the patient would be surviving for less than 6 months. The patient has been affected with renal failure, which as a reasonable good prognosis if the patient can be treated through dialysis and/or renal transplantation. She is in a coma state and may have a reasonable good chance of survival. The doctors should consider continuing her treatment. In this case, advanced directives may not apply as the patient is not suffering from a terminal illness, and has a good chance of recovering. The doctors should take into consideration that the children would have an intention of inherited the property of Mrs. Sparza. Hence in such a circumstance, they should be interested in protecting the patient rather than seeking consent for PAS from the children. In case the surrogate does not give a reasonable decision in the best interest of the patient, then it is the duty of the doctors to protect the patient and work in the full interest of the patient. The doctors should also take into consideration the fact that the patient had not given full consent before the procedure for surgery of both the eyes. She had tears in her eyes suggesting that she was not happy with a few things. This could also mean that the patient had a feeling that she was going to be affected with a life-threatening complication and had an intention to live. The doctors should only permit PAS if the patient gives full consent to it and expresses the need to die with respect. However, Mrs. Sparza cannot be considered a ideal candidate for PAS, and hence the doctors have to take all steps to protect her health and well being. Required sources: Benak, L. D. and Applegate, S. (2006). Informed Consent and Issues Surrounding Lack of Capacity vs. Incompetence. Journal of Forensic Nursing http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0SHK/is_1_2/ai_n17212505 EUTHANASIA.com (2007). Information For Research On Euthanasia, Physician-Assisted Suicide, Living Wills, Mercy Killing. http://www.euthanasia.com/ Johnson, J. C. (1997, August). Handling a request for assisted suicide. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3689/is_199708/ai_n8777366 Mariner, W. K. (1997). Physician Assisted Suicide and the Supreme Court: Putting the Constitutional Claim to Rest. 87(12). Health Law and Ethics. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1381265&blobtype=pdf