Economical Globalization in the United States

Introduction Globalization is the process of enabling financial and investment markets to operate internationally. This is as a result of deregulation and improved communication. On the other hand, economic globalization refers to the interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movements of goods, services, technology and capital (Held and MacGrew 4). It is also the process of increasing economic integration between countries, leading to the emergence of global markets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economical Globalization in the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization has shown a paradigm shift in economic activity from agriculture to service in both developed and developing countries. The kinds of growth noted have been in total as well as per capita GDP (Gross Domestic Product) mainly in the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) or the developed countries (Munck 21). In spite of this growth, freeing other parts of the world from poverty has been a great challenge. Before the global economy came into being, the world economy was ruled by the United States, however with industrialization of many powerful countries, the monopolistic nature of the United States has reduced to about 20%.The United Kingdom has one of the greatest open economies in the Europe. About two decades ago, foreign exchange trade controls were removed and the financial markets have since then been gradually deregulated (MacKinnon et al. 1). Impact of Globalization on the British Economy Advantages of Globalization The advantages are as follows: High levels of direct foreign investment. Basically the UK has been favored by overseas direct investment. This has been due to favorable tax system and a high trust on industrial relations (Tompkins 1). Structural change in Industry. The issue of unemployment in textile industry and other manufacturing industries has been solved by the global economy in that, the immobile output that has accumulated for years is being be traded globally. This has not just revived the industries but also provided much income and employment opportunities. Rising level of import penetration. This has been beneficial in areas where comparative advantage had been lost. Such loss was evident in the manufacture of low value adding electronic products. Hence, more sophisticated imports from various countries worldwide were increased. Efficiencies in production. Globalization has resulted to increased efficiency in resources allocation. Efficient use of resources results to high productivity which consequently increases the total domestic output of goods and services. In addition, increased competition promotes innovative methods which employ advanced technology in marketing and product distribution (Tompkins 1). The consumers in various countries are also able to obtain greater su pply of a variety of goods and services. Increased competition also ensures goods and services are offered at lower prices. This mostly benefits the consumers. The countries that are involved in free trade experience rising living standards, increased real incomes and higher rates of economic growth. This has resulted from increase in productivity and efficiency in competitive industries. There are great effects of globalization on the lives of individual citizens in every country. These effects have been noted especially in the lives of young people (Held and MacGrew 20). Globalization has had a lot of influence on young people in various aspects. These are both negative and positives. In the area of social and media outreach, globalization has lead to an awakened youth in both UK and other countries in the wider globe. This shows that there is a large percentage of well educated and politically endowed youths worldwide. These youths are able to channel their energy into protests for better change. This is due to the uneven distribution of costs and benefits through globalization in the trading sector. Disadvantages of Globalization There has been a notable increase in the cost of living in the UK. This has seriously affected citizens who are living on low incomes. Thus, a reliance on family and local support. Due to media globalization, events happening in other countries are normally infiltrating in almost all countries media stations at a greater speed. The issue of free trade may result in unemployment in the near future. This may impact the economy negatively as the government will have to go an extra mile so as to save its citizens from poverty (Tompkins 1). Lower incomes, Gross Domestic Product, domestic demand and falling export incomes as a result of recession may affect the economy. This is because of increased instability in domestic economy. Therefore, globalization predisposes businesses, employees and consumers to downturns. Foreign debts may be accumulated by countries that deal majorly on agricultural products. This is due to low export income that is incomparable to high import payment. These import prices result from the so called high value added imports (Munck 50). Competition in a highly flooded market is at times very challenging. Thus, development of new industries may be hard with lack of short term protection policies (Tompkins 1). Terrorism. As the world reflects or is actually a global village, it becomes easier to access various countries. This is very dangerous in terms of terrorist’s attacks. Such wars can destabilize the economy and can ruin a country through fateful suicidal attacks. In the current news, there was a discussion between the US embassy and the UK officials on the need to provide Olympic security inputs for the 2012 Olympic Games. It was reported that the UK had been working on issues of security matters and that no one had given substantial information about security status that cou ld result to a check up. This was said after there were claims by the American embassy on a terrorism plot come 2012 (MacKinnon et al. 1). Conclusion Since various countries have experienced a better part of many downturns, some countries have come up with effective ways to counteract the negative effects. For instance, in ensuring positive effects on poverty and communities, the UK has decided to change its labor markets and employment practices.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, it has also reverted to digging deep into research. This has been done by the UK Government to ensure that its people are empowered with job creation capabilities instead of depending on the external market for jobs. In this research, the UK also is planning to find new ways of combating the issue of competitive markets. This is by dealing in more sophisticated goods and services. Globa lization is one of the risky steps that the worldwide countries decided to agree on, but each country needs to be careful and focus on the future rather than the present. It will be safer to be caught a wares in future in case of any downturns than to be caught unawares. Therefore, each country should be heads up to monitor the global economy. Works Cited Held, David and Anthony McGrew. Globalization/Anti-Globalization: Beyond the Great Divide. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007. MacKinnon, Danny, et al. Globalization, Labor Markets and Communities in Contemporary Britain. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 4 March 2011. Web. Munck, Ronaldo. Globalization and Social Exclusion: A Transformational Perspective. West Hartford: Kumerian Press Incorporation, 2005. Tompkins, Wayne. â€Å"Benefits of Global Economy Uneven†. Courier-Journal. 2005. Print. This essay on Economical Globalization in the United States was written and submitted by user Archer Wiley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Facts and History of Kazahkstan

Facts and History of Kazahkstan Capital: Astana, population 390,000 Major Cities: Almaty, pop. 1.3 million Shymkent, 455,000 Taraz, 398,000 Pavlodar, 355,000 Oskemen, 344,000 Semey, 312,000 Kazakhstans Government Kazakhstan is nominally a presidential republic, although in fact, it is a dictatorship. The president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, has been in office since before the fall of the Soviet Union, and rigs elections regularly. Kazakhstans parliament has a 39-member Senate, and a 77-member Majilis or lower house. Sixty-seven members of the Majilis are popularly elected, but candidates come only from pro-government parties. The parties elect the other ten. Each province and the cities of Astana and Almaty select two senators each; the final seven are appointed by the president. Kazakhstan has a Supreme Court with 44 judges, as well as district and appellate courts. Population of Kazakhstan Kazakhstans population is approximately 15.8 million as of 2010. Unusually for Central Asia, the majority of Kazakh citizens live in urban areas. In fact, 54% of the population live in cities and towns. The largest ethnic group in Kazakhstan is the Kazakhs, who make up 63.1% of the population. Next are the Russians, at 23.7%. Smaller minorities include Uzbeks (2.8%), Ukrainians (2.1%), Uyghurs (1.4%), Tatars (1.3%), Germans (1.1%), and tiny populations of Belarusians, Azeris, Poles, Lithuanians, Koreans, Kurds, Chechens and Turks. Languages The state language of Kazakhstan is Kazakh, a Turkic language, spoken by 64.5% of the population. Russian is the official language of business and is the lingua franca among all ethnic groups. Kazakh is written in the Cyrillic alphabet, a relic of Russian domination. President Nazarbayev has suggested switching to the Latin alphabet but later retracted the suggestion. Religion For decades under the Soviets, religion was officially banned. Since independence in 1991, however, religion has made an impressive comeback. Today, only about 3% of the population are non-believers. Seventy percent of Kazakhstans citizens are Muslim, mostly Sunni. Christians make up 26.6% of the population, mostly Russian Orthodox, with smaller numbers of Catholics and various Protestant denominations. There are also small numbers of Buddhists, Jews, Hindus, Mormons and Bahai. Geography Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world, at 2.7 million square kilometers in area (1.05 million square miles). Approximately one-third of that area is dry steppeland, while much of the rest of the country is grasslands or sandy desert. Kazakhstan borders on Russia to the north, China to the east, and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan to the south. It also borders on the Caspian Sea to the west. The highest point in Kazakhstan is Khan Tangiri Shyngy, at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). The lowest point is Vpadina Kaundy, at 132 meters below sea level (-433 feet). Climate Kazakhstan has a dry continental climate, meaning that winters are quite cold and summers are warm. Lows can hit -20 °C (-4 °F) in the winter and snow is common. Summer highs can reach 30 °C (86 °F), which is quite mild compared with neighboring countries. Economy Kazakhstans economy is the healthiest among the former Soviet Stans, with an estimated 7% annual growth rate for 2010. It has strong service and industrial sectors, and agriculture contributes only 5.4% of GDP. The per capita GDP of Kazakhstan is $12,800 US. Unemployment is just 5.5%, and 8.2% of the population live below the poverty line. (CIA figures) Kazakhstan exports petroleum products, metals, chemicals, grain, wool, and meat. It imports machinery and food. The currency of Kazakhstan is the tenge. As of May, 2011, 1 USD 145.7 tenge. History of Kazakhstan The area that is now Kazakhstan was settled by humans tens of thousands of years ago, and was dominated by a variety of nomadic peoples over that time span. DNA evidence suggests that the horse may have first been domesticated in this region; apples also evolved in Kazakhstan, and then were spread to other areas by human cultivators. In historic times, such peoples as the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Kyrgyz, the Gokturks, the Uyghurs and the Karluks have ruled the steppes of Kazakhstan. In 1206, Genghis Khan and the Mongols conquered the area, ruling it until 1368. The Kazakh people came together under the leadership of Janybek Khan and Kerey Khan in 1465, creating a new people. They exerted control over what is now Kazakhstan, calling themselves the Kazakh Khanate. The Kazakh Khanate lasted until 1847. During the early 16th century, the Kazakhs had the foresight to ally themselves with Babur, who went on to found the Mughal Empire in India. By early in the 17th century, the Kazakhs frequently found themselves at war with the powerful Khanate of Bukhara, to the south. The two khanates fought over control of Samarkand and Tashkent, two of the major Silk Road cities of Central Asia. By the mid-18th century, the Kazakhs were facing encroachment from Tsarist Russia to the north and from Qing China in the east. In order to fend off the threatening Kokand Khanate, the Kazakhs accepted Russian protection in 1822. The Russians ruled through puppets until the death of Kenesary Khan in 1847  and then exerted direct power over Kazakhstan. The Kazakhs resisted their colonization by the Russians. Between 1836 and 1838, the Kazakhs rose up under the leadership of Makhambet Utemisuly and Isatay Taymanuly, but they were unable to throw off Russian domination. An even more serious attempt led by Eset Kotibaruli turned into an anti-colonial war that would last from 1847, when the Russians imposed direct control, through 1858. Small groups of nomadic Kazakh warriors fought running battles with the Russian Cossacks, as well as with other Kazakhs allied with the Tsars forces. The war cost hundreds of Kazakh lives, civilians as well as warriors, but Russia did make some concessions to Kazakh demands in the 1858 peace settlement. In the 1890s, the Russian government began to settle thousands of Russian farmers onto Kazakh land, breaking up the pasture and interfering with traditional nomadic patterns of life. By 1912, more than 500,000 Russian farms dotted Kazakh lands, displacing the nomads and causing mass starvation. In 1916, Tsar Nicholas II ordered the conscription of all Kazakh and other Central Asian men to fight in World War I. This conscription order sparked the Central Asian Revolt, in which thousands of Kazakhs and other Central Asians were killed, and tens of thousand fled to western China or Mongolia. In the chaos following the Communist takeover of Russia in 1917, the Kazakhs seized their chance to assert their independence, establishing the short-lived Alash Orda, an autonomous government. However, the Soviets were able to retake control of Kazakhstan in 1920. Five years later, they set up the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Kazakh SSR), with its capital at Almaty. It became a (non-autonomous) Soviet republic in 1936. Under Joseph Stalins rule, the Kazakhs and other Central Asians suffered horrifically. Stalin imposed forced villagization on the remaining nomads in 1936, and collectivized agriculture. As a result, more than one million Kazakhs died of starvation, and 80% of their precious livestock perished. Once again, those who were able tried to escape into civil-war ravaged China. During World War II, the Soviets used Kazakhstan as a dumping ground for potentially subversive minorities such as Germans from the western edge of Soviet Russia, Crimean Tatars, Muslims from the Caucasus, and Poles. What little food the Kazakhs had was stretched once more, as they tried to feed all of these starving new-comers. Approximately half of the deportees died of starvation or disease. After World War II, Kazakhstan became the least neglected of the Central Asian Soviet Republics. Ethnic Russians flooded into work in industry, and Kazakhstans coal mines helped supply energy to all of the USSR. The Russians also built one of their major space program sites, the Baikonur Cosmodrome, in Kazakhstan. In September of 1989, an ethnic-Kazakh politician named Nursultan Nazarbayev became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, replacing an ethnic-Russian. On December 16, 1991, the Republic of Kazakhstan declared its independence from the crumbling remains of the Soviet Union. The Republic of Kazakhstan has a growing economy, thanks in large part to its reserves of fossil fuels. It has privatized much of the economy, but President Nazarbayev maintains a KGB-style police state  and rigs elections. (He received 95.54% of the vote in April 2011 presidential elections.) The Kazakh people have come a long way since 1991, but they have some distance to go yet before they are truly free of the after-effects of Russian colonization.

Representation and Exploration of Gender Roles in Comrades, Almost a Term Paper - 1

Representation and Exploration of Gender Roles in Comrades, Almost a Love Story and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon Films - Term Paper Example Compared to the early styles of Chinese filmmaking the issues of depiction, especially reflection of depicting gender roles in films have undergone a drastic change. Films like Comrades, Almost a Love Story, and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon are brilliant examples that not only reflect the impact of modernist trends in the art of filmmaking but also provided considerable focus on gender roles, contending the traditional approach. The films, Comrades, Almost a Love Story, and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, though have dealt with a different storyline, thematic approaches and cultural situation, however, the role of women as reflected in both these films, can be regarded as a brave shift from the traditional approaches. In each of the films, women have played interesting as well as equally commanding parts compared to their male counterparts in the context of developing storylines. The film, Comrades, Almost a Love Story while provides a sufficient reflection over development of Chin a in terms of modernism and neo-Marxian perspective and consequently provides a detailed impression of the contemporary socio-political and economic situation of the nation and how the characters, especially women are responding to such metamorphosis, on the other hand, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon develops its thematic approach over socio-cultural situation of early 18th century China. While Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon can be regarded as a sincere attempt to reinterpret the 18th century social history of China according to the principles of modernist context, however, special emphasis on roles of women as emergence of â€Å"women warriors† can definitely be regarded as a bold initiative that emphasizes the theme of contending conventional refection of gender roles in films in terms of radical modernism.  

Statistics 401 Mod 3 SLP - Hypothesis Testing II Coursework

Statistics 401 Mod 3 SLP - Hypothesis Testing II - Coursework Example It is merely based on a hunch or general observation without hard facts to support it. This implies that it calls for a means of testing whether or not it is true at the end of the research. There are two types of hypothesis; one is the null hypothesis which implores that there is no relationship between two variables under observation. In the case of this study in which the variables are my stock price and the DJIA, The null hypothesis is that there is no relationship between my stock price and the DJIA. The second type of hypothesis is the alternative hypothesis. This offers the opposite idea from that of the null hypothesis. It states that indeed there is a relationship between the two variables in question. ... 1.86 3.46 -12.87 54 15.08 227.41 12 -2.41 5.81 36.34 48 9.08 82.45 18 3.59 12.89 32.59 37 -1.92 3.69 16 1.86 3.46 3.57 70 31.08 965.97 15 0.59 0.35 18.34 23 -15.92 253.45 12 -2.41 5.81 38.37 36 -2.92 8.53 13 -1.41 1.99 4.12 35 -3.92 15.37 14 -0.41 0.17 1.61 21 -17.92 321.13 11 -3.41 11.63 61.11 55 16.08 258.57 16 1.86 3.46 29.91 TOTAL 467 2183.95 173 52.66 208.61 AVERAGE 38.92 14.41 r= 208.61 [(sqrt 2183.95)(sqrt 52.66)] = 0.309 Confirming in the table of the value of r shown below:- If r = +.70 or higher Very strong positive relationship +.40 to +.69 Strong positive relationship +.30 to +.39 Moderate positive relationship +.20 to +.29 weak positive relationship +.01 to +.19 No or negligible relationship -.01 to -.19 No or negligible relationship -.20 to -.29 weak negative relationship -.30 to -.39 Moderate negative relationship -.40 to -.69 Strong negative relationship -.70 or higher Very strong negative relationship ‘r’ is between 0.30 and 0.39 and therefore a moderate positive relationship. This implies that there is moderate positive relationship between my stock price and the DJIA. This confirms the alternative hypothesis which stated that; there is a relationship between my stock price and the DJIA REFERENCES Soper, H.E., Young, A.W., Cave, B.M., Lee, A., Pearson, K. (1917). "On the distribution of the correlation coefficient in small samples. Appendix II to the papers of "Student" and R. A. Fisher. A co-operative study", Biometrika, 11, 328-413.

UNIT 5 DISCUSSION BOARD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

UNIT 5 DISCUSSION BOARD - Essay Example Healthcare in the United States of America is managed through the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), which organizes health plans outside of that which is provided through the insurance companies. There are different plans that through which HMOs make healthcare available. The total estimated cost of healthcare in the USA during 2004 was $1.9 trillion, which was equivalent to 16% of the GDP, making the USA the largest spending country on healthcare. Many of the employees on the payrolls of companies have healthcare plans that are taken care of by the companies themselves. This has given a false impression that the vast amount of money spent on healthcare is rooted in the private sector. This is far from true, and nearly half the money that is spent on healthcare comes from government coffers. The reason for this is that a large portion of the healthcare is paid for by employer-based insurance, but this is tax subsidized. In essence the government pays part of the healthcare bills of employees in private companies that are receiving healthcare plans through their employers. The soaring medical costs are causing private employers to cut back on wage increases to their employees in an effort to find the means to meet the growing healthcare bill, leading to dissatisfaction. In short the main issue of the healthcare implementation is the scarcity of funds. This situation is hardly going to change with the Government unwilling to consider tax reforms. Therefore managed care has to look after soaring medical bills with a paucity of funds. In such a situation the dissemination of healthcare to all segments of the population becomes difficult, and as usual it is the weaker segments of society that feel the pinch of inadequate healthcare provisions. (Americas health-care crisis: Desperate measures). The American healthcare system is an umbrella organization. The World Health Organization (WHO) has in its recommendations

Historical Background Of The Upanishads Philosophy Essay

Historical Background Of The Upanishads Philosophy Essay The Upanishads are said to contain the essence of the Vedas and the Vedas are the source of the (no need for the here) Vedanta philosophy. They contain the spiritual experiences and revelations of sages, the Rishis. They are said to be the products of the highest wisdom, supreme divine knowledge, which was directly heard (shrutti) in meditation. Hence they stir the hearts of people and inspire themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..They give supreme food for the soul  [1]  They are rich in profound philosophical thought and there is great depth of meaning in the passages and verses. They give a vivid description of the nature of Atman, the Supreme Soulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and expound suitable methods and aids to attain the Immortal Brahman, the Highest Purusha.  [2]  They have exercised considerable influence on the religion and philosophy in India. The Upanishads are regarded as the final part of the Vedas, and primarily discuss philosophy, meditation and the nature of God and form the core spiritual thought of Vedantic Hinduism. They are considered as mystic and spiritual contemplations of the Vedas, and are known as Vedanta (the end/culmination of the Vedas). Although the Vedas look outward in reverence and awe of the phenomenal world, the Upanishads look inward to the powers of human consciousness. Opinion differs as to the age of the Upanishads. Some Western scholars have fixed the age as 6th century BCE, but they do not belong to a particular period of Sanskrit literature. The oldest, such as Brhadaranyaka and Chandogya may date to the Brahmana period (roughly before the 7th century BCE) while the youngest may date to the medieval or early modern period. However, Sivananda would say they are dateless and eternal as they came out of the mouth of Brahman and so existed before the creation of the world. Shad means to shatter or destroy so by having knowledge of the Upanishads one destroys ignorance, and knowledge of Brahman is called Upanishad because it leads to Brahman and helps aspirants attain Brahman. Other schools of thought say Upanishad means sitting at the feet of the teacher. The Upanishads were not meant for the masses, as they contain the highest speculations of philosophy. They were only meant for the select few, who were seen as worthy to receive instruction initially from the rishis and later from the Brahmin teaching caste, hence the term Upanishad at first signified secret teaching or doctrine. The teachers integrated to become the Brhma Rishis. The Vedas were initially not written down but passed on orally, by chants and hymns. The Aryan migrants brought Sanskrit to India and so the Upanishads were eventually written down by the Rishis and Brahmin priests. Over 1000 have been recorded but Sankaracharya (8th century mystic who reawakened India to its spiritual herit age) is said to have collected together 108 Upanishads, which are summarised in his famous work The Viveka Chudamani. Of these the principal 10 Upanishads still studied today, are the Brhadarnayaka, Chandogya, Isha, Kena, Katha, Mandukya, Aitareya, Taittiriya, Mudaka and Prashna. The ancient rishis sought to understand the fundamental truths of mans being; the origins, the nature and the destiny of man and his universe, the meaning of life, the world and the relation of the individual to the supreme soul. They sought answers to these basic questions: who am I, what is the universe, whence are we born, on what do we rest, where do we go, are there such things as immortality, freedom, perfection, eternal bliss, everlasting peace, what is Atman, Brahman, or the Self, which is birthless, deathless, changeless, self-existent how to attain immortality or Brahman, what is the means of freedom from earthly bondage. The road to self-discovery is discussed in the Taittiriya Upanishad, which gives us rules for right conduct in our lives and advises If you are in doubt about right conduct, Follow the example of the sages, who know what is best for spiritual growth.  [3]  (chpt 11-v4). It tells us the body is only the outer layer surrounding our self, each layer less physical than the last: the physical sheath is made up of food (Pt 2, 2.1), the vital sheath is made up of living breath (3.1), the mental sheath is made up of waves of thought (3.1) and the sheath of wisdom is the intellect and within this is the sheath of bliss. Bliss is the heart, and Brahman the foundation. Those who affirm the Lord affirm themselves.  [4]  In the journey to discover who we are, the rishis looked at these states of consciousness (Brihadranyaka Upanishad chpt4). As awareness is withdrawn from these layers of consciousness it was discovered that the mind is not conscious, it is only an instrument of our consci ousness. If we were able to observe from within each state, would that be the knower, ie the self? In all creatures, all persons the Self is the innermost essence. Janaka asks who is the self and Yajnavalka replies: The Self, pure awareness, shines as the light within the heart, surrounded by the sense. Only seeming to think, seeming to move, the Self neither sleeps nor wakes nor dreams. This notion of the Self and Brahman being one is considered in the Katha Upanishad (chpt2-v20). Hidden in the heart of every creature exists the Self, subtler than the subtlest, greater than the greatest. They go beyond sorrow who extinguish their self-will and behold the glory fo the Self through the grace of the Lord of Love. A similar theme can be seen in the Isha Upanishad in its description of the Lord as being enshrined in the hearts of all. This seems to merge into a description of the Self culminating in v8 He it is who holds the cosmos together. The question of attaining immortality or Brahman is discussed in the Katha Upanishad, where we have a teenage boy (Natchiketa) as the student and Death (Yama) being the teacher. This studies the notion of reincarnation, wherein Natchiketa is sacrificed to death by his father but Natchiketa is granted three wishes, one for each of the three nights he has spent in the house of Yama (Pt 1-chpt1-v9-29. Natchiketa asks that when he is reincarnated his father will recognise him, secondly that he wants to remember what has gone before, he doesnt want to lose prior knowledge and thirdly he wants to know for certain if his sole really exists after death. The answer is to renounce passing pleasures and seek wisdom (chpt2-v3-4). Death says, The truth of the Self cannot come through one who has not realised the Self  [5]  , so self-realisation is the key. The ignorant believe that when the body dies, they die. This is further expounded by the Mandukya Upanishad which teaches us the need for knowledge through awareness and how this can be passed on through teachers. There are two types of knowledge, that taught through study, or lower knowledge, and the higher knowledge which leads to self-realisation, through mediation those who are pure in heart, who practice meditation and conquer all their senses and passions, shall attain the immortal Self.. The Prashna Upanishad also tells us after the sage Pippaladas explanation of where we come from (qu1-v4-10), that those who meditate, seek wisdom, self-discipline and faith in God will travel after death to the Supreme refuge, beyond the reach of fear and free from the cycle of birth and death. This Upanishad concludes with the question Do you know the self? (QuVI-v1) and Pippaladas summary describes the sixteen forms of the self within the body and that one must realise the self so that these sixteen forms disappear. Then there is no more name or form for us as human beings and we attain immortality. The self is the paramount goal of life. Attain this goal and go beyond death. (QuVI-v) iii) Where did I come from? This question is posed by the Kena Upanishad: by whom? Who makes my mind think?who sees through my eyes and hears through my ears? The teacher replies The Self is the ear of the ear, the eye of the eye and the mind of the mind.. This Upanishad is about knowing Brahman yet how can this not be an impossible task for the average man? How can we possibly conceive of understanding something so abstract and inscrutable? Yet we are urged to try: It is the power of Brahman that makes the mind to think, desire, and will. Therefore use this power to meditate on Brahman. (chpt4-v5-6) However, it seems we are compelled to continually ask questions without questions we cannot develop. What gives us this desire to know, to attain self-realisation? Easwarans interpretation of this question is: by whom impelled do all the motions of life stir?  [6]  Easwaran also quotes Shankara, By whose mere presence does that desire arise which moves the universe? Swami Vishnudevananda says just as the perception of things in the gross world is impossible without light, so knowledge of self cannot emerge other than by inquiry. Who am I? How was this universe born? What is its cause?  [7]  Just as mans quest for enjoyment finds that joy is within himself, knowledge will never be complete until he turns his vision inwards. The Upanishads tell us that all knowledge is in the self, and in fact, knowledge is self. That eternal knowledge of the self when reflected through the mind and brain of man becomes intuition, reason and instinct. In lower animals it is manifested as instinct, in man as reason and in advanced man as intuition. Individual existence is therefore a manifestation of the real existence of the self. So it seems to me we are compelled to seek knowledge, and therefore by implication to seek knowledge of the self. As Easwaran points out, exploring the unconscious requires the daring of youth, as in the Katha Upanishad. The Katha Upanishad seems to be saying that within all human experience it is only the Self that is the enjoyer, and so once one attains self-realisation there will nothing further to know. In the meantime man is forever searching, searching, even when he doesnt know what he is looking for. As Vishnudevananda points out some scale Mount Everest to learn, others navigate under the Artic oceans, while others fly into outer space. Others retire from the world to study or roam the world in search of knowledge. I feel this will go on for a long time yet until man has reached a stage of intellect where self-realisation becomes attainable for all, in ages to come. In the meantime we aspire to seek out extra little bits of knowledge and we pick up lots more along the way by accident without even r ealising it. The problem for us lowly mortals is in a quote I heard a long time ago when I was at college and has stuck with me ever since, although I dont know who said it or when: is not just the known unknown but the unknown unknown. I am aware of many things I do not know but there is of course an ocean of things which I dont even realise are there to be known. It seems an impossible task. Perhaps as I take the advice of the Upanishads and practise meditation, in years to come I may begin to feel as if I have started on my own journey.

Capital Punishment: Costs Of The Death Penalty Essay -- essays researc

Capital Punishment: Costs of The Death Penalty Let us suppose that killing as a form of punishment is a moral and universally accepted practice. Would it then be acceptable to issue this irreparable sanction to a select few while allowing others, equally accountable, to avoid it? It is acceptable to our criminal justice system for it seems to be standard operating procedure. Many embrace the death penalty based on the "eye for an eye" concept. There is certainly some merit to this argument and it seems quite fair and logical. Unfortunately our use of the death penalty is neither fair nor logical. Our criminal justice system's "lip service" to the age-old concept is an insulting disguise for such an obscurity of fairness and logic. The death penalty is frivolous and discriminatory in its procedure because of the unreasonable prices we pay to execute certain groups at much higher rates than others. We pay different prices for using a death penalty. Sadly, today more than ever, the dollar seems to be the endlessly interchangeable standard of value. We strive to make money, save money and when we spend money we do so with a valued return in mind. Accordingly, a popular argument contends that we spend too much money incarcerating prisoners for life. We probably do but the price tag on issuing a death sentence according to a Florida study is $3.1 million compared to $1 million for a life sentence; a 3100% difference (Walker 1994, 108). Imagine your death bein...

Chapter 14 Solutions

Solutions for Review Problems of Chapter 14 1. a. Given the following diagram for a product, determine the quantity of each component required to assemble one unit of the finished product. b. Draw a tree diagram for the stapler: a. F: 2 J: 2 x 2 = 4 D: 2 x 4 = 8 G: 1 L: 1 x 2 = 2 J: 1 x 2 = 2 H: 1 A: 1 x 4 = 4 D: 1 x 2 = 2 Totals: F = 2; G = 1; H = 1; J = 6; D = 10; L = 2; A = 4 b. Stapler Top Assembly Base Assembly Cover Spring Slide Assembly Base Strike Pad Rubber Pad 2 Slide Spring 2. The following table lists the components needed to assemble an end item, lead times, and quantities on hand. . b. If 20 units of the end item are to be assembled, how many additional units of E are needed? (Hint: You don’t need to develop an MRP plan to determine this. ) An order for the end item is scheduled to be shipped at the start of week 11. What is the latest week that the order can be started and still be ready to ship on time? (Hint: You don’t need to develop an MRP plan for th is part either. ) a. B: 20 x 2 = 40 – 10 = 30 E: 30 x 2 = 60 – 12 = 48 C: 20 x 1 = 20 – 10 = 10 E: 10 x 2 = 20 End Item D: 20 x 3 = 60 – 25 = 35 E: 35 x 2 = 70Total: 48 + 20 + 70 = 138 b. B(2) C D(3) E(2) F(3) G(2) E(2) H(4) E(2) Total LT 4 5 5 5 6 The longest sequence is 6 weeks. Week 11 – 6 weeks = Week 5. 5 3. End item P is composed of three subassemblies: K, L, and W. K is assembled using 3 Gs and 4 Hs; L is made of 2 Ms and 2 Ns; and W is made of 3 Zs. On-hand inventories are 20 Ls, 40 Gs, and 200 Hs. Scheduled receipts are 10 Ks at the start of week 3, 30 Ks at the start of week 6, and 200 Ws at the start of week 3. One hundred Ps will be shipped at the start of week 6, and another 100 at the start of week 7.Lead times are two weeks for subassemblies and one week for components G, H, and M. Final assembly of P requires one week. Include an extra 10 percent scrap allowance in each planned order of G. The minimum order size for H is 200 units. Develop each of the following: a. b. c. d. A product structure tree. An assembly time chart. A master schedule for P. A material requirements plan for K, G, and H using lot-for-lot ordering. Solution: a. Product Structure Tree P K 3G c. Master Schedule d. Weeks Quantity LT = 1 wk. Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 100 6 100 7 100 7 100L 4H 2 2N W 3Z P Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases K LT = 2 wk. Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 100 5 100 10 10 10 10 90 90 90 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 270 40 40 40 40 230 253 253 231 210 231 70 4 210 5 100 100 100 6 100 30 70 70 100 100 7 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases G(3) LT = 1 wk. 6 7 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases H(4) LT = 1 wk. Beg.Inv. 1 2 3 360 4 280 40 240 240 5 6 7 Gross requirements Scheduled recei pts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases 200 200 200 200 200 160 200 240 4. Oh No! , Inc. , sells three models of radar detector units. It buys the three basic models (E, F, and G) from a Japanese manufacturer and adds one, two, or four lights (component D) to further differentiate the models. D is bought from a domestic producer. Lead times are one week for all items except C, which is two weeks. There are ample supplies of the basic units (E, F, and G) on hand.There are also 10 units of B, 10 units of C, and 25 units of D on hand. Lot-sizing rules are lot-for-lot ordering for all items except D, which must be ordered in multiples of 100 units. There is a scheduled receipt of 100 units of D in week 1. The master schedule calls for 40 units of A to be produced in week 4, 60 units of B in week 5, and 30 units of C in week 6. Prepare a material requirements plan for D and its parents. Solution: Master Schedule Week Quantity Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 40A 5 60B 6 30C A LT = 1 wk. Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 40 5 6Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned order receipt Planned order release Beg. Inv. 40 40 40 B LT = 1 wk. 1 2 3 4 5 60 6 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned order receipt Planned order release Beg. Inv. 50 10 10 10 10 10 10 50 50 C LT = 2 wks. 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned order receipt Planned order release D LT = 1 wk. Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 40 100 25 125 125 125 85 95 100 100 5 20 4 180 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 6Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned order receipt Planned order release 5. Using the diagram below, do the following: a. Draw a tree diagram for the scissors. b. Prepare an MRP for scissors. Lead times are one day for each component and final scissor assembly, but two days for the plastic grips. Six hundred pairs of scissors a re needed on Day 6. Note: There are 200 straight blades and 350 bent blades on hand, and 40 top blade assemblies on hand. Solution:. a. Scissors Bottom Blade Assembly Screw Top Blade Assembly Straight Blade b. Master Schedule for:Straight Plastic Grip Bent Blade Bent Plastic Grip Week Quantity Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 600 7 8 Week Scissors (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases 600 600 600 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 600 7 8 Week Bottom Blade Assembly (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases 600 600 600 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 600 6 7 8 Week Top Blade Assembly (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases Beg.Inv. 560 Week Screw (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases Week St raight Blade (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts 200 200 200 200 200 400 400 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 600 5 6 7 8 600 600 600 1 2 3 4 5 6 600 7 8 40 40 40 40 40 40 560 560 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 600 6 7 8 Planned order releases 400 Week Straight Plastic Grip (LT = 2 weeks) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases Beg. Inv. 00 Week Bent Blade (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases Bent Plastic Grip (LT = 2 weeks) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases 560 560 560 Beg. Inv. 210 Week 1 2 3 4 560 5 6 7 8 350 350 350 350 350 210 210 1 2 3 4 560 5 6 7 8 600 600 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 600 5 6 7 8 6. Develop a material requirements plan for component H. Lead times for the end item and each component except B are one week. Th e lead time for B is three weeks. Sixty units of A are needed at the start of week 8.There are currently 15 units of B on hand and 130 of E on hand, and 50 units of H are in production and will be completed by the start of week 2. Solution: Master Schedule Week Quantity Beginnin g inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 60 8 A LT = 1 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases Beginnin g inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 60 7 60 60 60 B(2) LT = 3 8 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases 105 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 120 15 105 105 C LT = 1Beginnin g inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases 60 60 60 60 E(2) E(4) LT = 1 Beginnin g inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order recei pts Planned-order releases 80 130 130 130 130 210 240 130 80 80 240 240 240 H(E3) H(E3) LT = 1 Beginnin g inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases 190 50 50 240 720 50 190 190 240 720 720

10 Jobs Where You Can Work Overnight

10 Jobs Where You Can Work Overnight Some people just aren’t morning people, but that doesn’t mean they can’t have meaningful and successful careers. If you’re a night owl and just can’t seem to get to a desk at 8 or 9 a.m., don’t fear. Here are a few graveyard shift jobs that might be just right for you. 1. Freelance WriterThis is really a self-owned business, and one that requires a lot of hustle to get clients and prove your talent. But once you get started you can set your own writing hours- provided you meet your deadlines, it’s totally fine to burn the midnight oil.2. Air Traffic ControllerPlanes come in and fly out at all hours. If you want a really highly paid night shift, this might be the gig for you. You might not even need a college degree. One drawback: you might have to alternate your night shifts with a few days, which can take a lot out of you and leave you groggy.3. DealerOf cards. Work in a casino dealing blackjack or other card games. There are always s hifts available after midnight- it’s a bit slower, but also more relaxed. And most places pool tips and add to paychecks as an hourly rate, so the slow shifts aren’t always bad for the bank account.4. BartenderAll you need is speed and skill and you can make a ton of money if you find yourself in the right place. And evening shifts are the most lucrative- especially weekends. Get used to a Monday being your new night out. You could also try being a chef (much more stress) or a waiter.5. FirefighterOkay, so it’s super dangerous. But many firefighters report for duty at 11 p.m. Granted, they usually have to work 24 hour shifts with 48 hours off in-between, so the schedule can be a bit demanding.6. Security GuardGuard the gates of the company or store- 19% of security professionals report for work beginning at 3a.m. Try office buildings or casinos for opportunities.7. Taxi Driver or Uber DriverJust you and the city streets in the middle of the night. People always need rides and the traffic is much slower!8. BabysittingNow not just for teenagers! Turn this into your own independent contracting business. Work while parents are out on the town, or even off working their own night shifts!9. Mail SorterTry a temporary position at the post office to get you through the door. Start at 11 p.m. and finish between 5 and 7 a.m. It’s a great way to earn extra cash- though you’ll not get benefits.10. Pizza Delivery PersonIt’s 2 a.m and the only place still delivering is the pizza place. Take advantage of the late-night cravings of college students and other night owls and rake in the tips. You won’t make a huge amount, but you can scratch out some extra cash.

Shades of Meaning in Names of Colors

Shades of Meaning in Names of Colors Shades of Meaning in Names of Colors Shades of Meaning in Names of Colors By Mark Nichol A recent newspaper article about the world’s ugliest color reminded me that writers of both fiction and nonfiction can be misguided in describing colors. The article referred to a study in which researchers identified the ugliest color: opaque couchà ©. This name (the official designation in the Pantone Matching System, a printing-industry codification of colors) is French for â€Å"nontransparent layer,† a translation just as unhelpful in helping people visualize the color, which has also been- ahem- colorfully described as baby poo green. Now, having read that description, who out there can’t picture opaque couchà ©? When describing colors, it’s best to associate them with known visual stimuli- objects (especially those from the natural world) known to have that color. Artists and fashionistas may know celadon from celery, but a layperson will likely draw a blank when trying to picture a sweater dyed celadon, while easily forming an image of a celery-colored one. Likewise, emerald or mantis will resonate better with readers than a vague term such as chartreuse or teal, or one with a place designation, such as â€Å"Paris green.† Also, reconsider dated references. â€Å"Bottle green† was a useful descriptor in an era when glass containers of a distinctive green hue were ubiquitous, but the term will fall on blind eyes among younger readers. By contrast, â€Å"olive drab† is timeless, because of association with the fruit, though military combat uniforms, which used to be dyed in the color given that designation, are now generally earth toned. Also, consider how evocative a term is. Bright green, harlequin, and neon green are very similar shades, but â€Å"bright green† is lifeless, and harlequin suggests a pattern rather than a hue, but â€Å"neon green† is a vivid descriptor. For a very specific demographic, â€Å"Nickelodeon-slime green† will evoke the color of the ooze known to people who watched game shows on the Nickelodeon cable and satellite network during the 1990s, but it won’t benefit other readers. By all means, be as specific as possible in depicting colors, whether using a fictional character’s (or real-life person’s) choice of a fashion palette to provide insight into his or her personality or to convey an object’s or landscape’s appearance, but choose color descriptors carefully to enhance rather than obscure. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Top 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)Show, Don't Tell

Shipping Sector and Second-hand LNG Ships Essay

Shipping Sector and Second-hand LNG Ships - Essay Example The modern technology may also be applied to operate as â€Å"floating storage and regasification units â€Å"(FSRU) especially in receiving terminals situated in offshore. In US, UK, Brazil and in Argentina, LNG carriers are operating with onboard regasification facilities. FSRU offers many advantages over traditional on-shore liquefaction. It is most effective as contrasted to on-shore liquefaction. Further, a considerable amount of time and money spent on onshore/onsite construction and shipyard construction can be avoided. FSRU technology also addresses â€Å"NIMBY† issues, and it is less exposure to terrorism and conflict. Owners can achieve greater flexibility through the redeployment process. Further, FSRU offers shorter phase to markets than compared to on-shore regasification plants.All LNG carriers shall have double hulls. LNG is carried in near the atmospheric pressure in specifically built insulated tanks, which is being referred as the â€Å"cargo containment s ystem† located inside the inner hull. International codes stipulate the design and assembling of LNG ships. Additional and extra international safety guidelines are set out in the codes which differ with the type of cargo that carrier will carry. All commercial LNG vessels have to be registered with at least in one country known as â€Å"Flag State†.LNG Carriers must adhere to all specific international and local regulatory needs including those of Internationals Gas Carriers Code (IGC), the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and US Coast Guard (USCG).All flag states implement the International Maritime Organisation Rules as regards to the International Safety Management Code(ISM), the IGC, and the global Convention on Standards of Training the certification and Watching. Further, a flag state in which LNG carrier is registered may impose further requirements in addition to the international codes. In the shipping industry, there exists a classification society w hich is a non-governmental organization (NGO) which acts as an integral part of the industry and is always cited as â€Å"Class†.

Female Participation in Lessons in Saudi Arabian Universities Dissertation

Female Participation in Lessons in Saudi Arabian Universities - Dissertation Example 1.3 Research Goals This research has been set with an overall aim of improving female performance in science classes. To achieve this aim, the following specific objectives ought to be achieved: 1. Investigating cause of low female participation in science lessons in Saudi Arabian universities. 2. Identifying the neglected role of educationists and other stakeholders in enhancing female education in Saudi Arabia. 3. Adapting a student centred intervention to tackle the problem at hand. 1.4 Justification of the Study The education of females in Saudi Arabia can be made better if females are given many roles to play in the course of their education . This will motivate them to feel important to the educational system. By extension, they will recommend to their colleagues to take up courses in science. Furthermore, the more involved females are in science lessons, the more understandable lessons will become to them and so the better their chances of improving in their overall academic performance. 1.5 Research Questions 1. What are girls attitude in integrated science lesson? 2. Why do the teachers neglect the use of teaching learning aids or materials in their lessons? 3. What are the causes of female low participation in science? 4. What are the measures that can be put in place to help improve female low participation in science lessons? 5. What advantages and disadvantages do activity and discovery methods have in the teaching of science lessons that can be transformed into improving female performance in class?